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70. CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES

71.   Electronic structure (see also 73.20 Surface and interface electron states)

71.10.-w   Theories and models of many electron systems

71.10.Ay   Fermi-liquid theory and other phenomenological models

71.10.Ca   Electron gas, Fermi gas

71.10.Fd   Lattice fermion models (Hubbard model, etc.)

71.10.Hf   Non-Fermi-liquid ground states, electron phase diagrams and phase transitions in model systems

71.10.Li   Excited states and pairing interactions in model systems

71.10.Pm   Fermions in reduced dimensions (anyons, composite fermions, Luttinger liquid, etc.) (for anyon mechanism in superconductors, see 74.20.M)

71.15.-m   Methods of electronic structure calculations

71.15.Ap   Plane-wave methods (including augmented plane-wave method)

71.15.Cr   Scattering methods

71.15.Fv   Atomic- and molecular-orbital methods (including tight binding approximation, valence-bond method, etc.)

71.15.Hx   Pseudopotential method

71.15.La   Atomic sphere approximation methods

71.15.Mb   Density functional theory, local density approximation

71.15.Nc   Total energy and cohesive energy calculations

71.15.Pd   Molecular dynamics calculations (Car-Parrinello) and other numerical simulations

71.15.Rf   Relativistic effects

71.18.+y   Fermi surface: calculations and measurements; effective mass, g factor

71.20.-b   Electron density of states and band structure of crystalline solids (for electronic structure of superconductors, see 74.25.J)

71.20.Be   Transition metals and alloys

71.20.Dg   Alkali and alkaline earth metals

71.20.Eh   Rare earth metals and alloys

71.20.Gj   Other metals and alloys

71.20.Lp   Intermetallic compounds

71.20.Mq   Elemental semiconductors

71.20.Nr   Semiconductor compounds

71.20.Ps   Other inorganic compounds

71.20.Rv   Polymers and organic compounds

71.20.Tx   Fullerenes and related materials; intercalation compounds

      * Photonic band-gap materials, see 42.70.Q

71.22.+i   Electronic structure of liquid metals and semiconductors and their alloys

71.23.-k   Electronic structure of disordered solids

71.23.An   Theories and models; localized states

71.23.Cq   Amorphous semiconductors, metallic glasses, glasses

71.23.Ft   Quasicrystals

71.24.+q   Electronic structure of clusters and nanoparticles

71.27.+a   Strongly correlated electron systems; heavy fermions

71.28.+d   Narrow-band systems; intermediate-valence solids (for magnetic aspects, see 75.20.H and 75.30.M)

71.30.+h   Metal-insulator transitions and other electronic transitions

71.35.-y    Excitons and related phenomena

71.35.Aa    Frenkel excitons and self-trapped excitons

71.35.Cc    Intrinsic properties of excitons; optical absorption spectra

71.35.Ee   Electron-hole drops and electron-hole plasma

71.35.Gg   Exciton-mediated interactions

71.35.Ji   Excitons in magnetic fields; magnetoexcitons

71.35.Lk   Collective effects (Bose effects, phase space filling, and excitonic phase transitions)

71.36.+c   Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions)

71.38.+i   Polarons and electron-phonon interactions (see also 63.20.K Phonon–electron interactions in lattices)

71.45.-d   Collective effects

71.45.Gm   Exchange, correlation, dielectric and magnetic functions, plasmons

71.45.Lr   Charge-density-wave systems (see also 75.30.F Spin-density waves)

      * Localized states, see 71.23.A

71.55.-i   Impurity and defect levels

71.55.Ak   Metals, semimetals, and alloys

71.55.Cn   Elemental semiconductors

71.55.Eq   III-V semiconductors

71.55.Gs   II-VI semiconductors

71.55.Ht   Other nonmetals

71.55.Jv   Disordered structures; amorphous and glassy solids

71.60.+z   Positron states (for positron annihilation, see 78.70.B)

71.70.-d   Level splitting and interactions (see also 73.20 Surface and interface electron states, 75.30.E Exchange and superexchange interactions)

71.70.Ch   Crystal and ligand fields

71.70.Di   Landau levels

71.70.Ej   Spin-orbit coupling, Zeeman and Stark splitting, Jahn-Teller effect

71.70.Fk   Strain-induced splitting

71.70.Gm   Exchange interactions

71.70.Jp   Nuclear states and interactions

71.90.+q   Other topics in electronic structure (restricted to new topics in section 71)

72.   Electronic transport in condensed matter (for electronic transport in surfaces, interfaces, and thin films, see 73; for electrical properties related to treatment conditions, see 81.40.R)

72.10.-d   Theory of electronic transport; scattering mechanisms

72.10.Bg   General formulation of transport theory

72.10.Di   Scattering by phonons, magnons, and other nonlocalized excitations (see also 71.45 Collective effects)

72.10.Fk    Scattering by point defects, dislocations, surfaces, and other imperfections (including Kondo effect)

72.15.-v    Electronic conduction in metals and alloys

72.15.Cz   Electrical and thermal conduction in amorphous and liquid metals and alloys

72.15.Eb   Electrical and thermal conduction in crystalline metals and alloys

72.15.Gd   Galvanomagnetic and other magnetotransport effects (for giant magnetoresistance, see 75.70.P)

72.15.Jf   Thermoelectric and thermomagnetic effects

72.15.Lh   Relaxation times and mean free paths

72.15.Nj   Collective modes (e.g., in one-dimensional conductors)

72.15.Qm   Scattering mechanisms and Kondo effect (see also 75.20.H Local moments in compounds and alloys; Kondo effect, valence fluctuations, heavy fermions)

72.15.Rn   Localization effects (Anderson or weak localization)

72.20.-i   Conductivity phenomena in semiconductors and insulators (see also 66.70 Nonelectronic thermal conduction in solids)

72.20.Dp   General theory, scatteringmechanisms

72.20.Ee    Mobility edges; hopping transport

72.20.Fr   Low-field transport and mobility; piezoresistance

72.20.Ht   High-field and nonlinear effects

72.20.Jv    Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, and trapping

72.20.My   Galvanomagnetic and other magnetotransport effects

72.20.Pa   Thermoelectric and thermomagnetic effects

72.30.+q   High-frequency effects; plasma effects

72.40.+w   Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects

72.50.+b   Acoustoelectric effects

72.55.+s   Magnetoacoustic effects (see also 75.80 Magnetomechanical effects)

72.60.+g   Mixed conductivity and conductivity transitions

72.70.+m   Noise processes and phenomena

72.80.-r   Conductivity of specific materials (for conductivity of metals and alloys, see 72.15)

72.80.Cw   Elemental semiconductors

72.80.Ey   III-V and II-VI semiconductors

72.80.Ga   Transition-metal compounds

72.80.Jc   Other crystalline inorganic semiconductors

72.80.Le   Polymers; organic compounds (including organic semiconductors)

72.80.Ng   Disordered solids

72.80.Ph   Liquid semiconductors

72.80.Rj   Fullerenes and related materials

72.80.Sk   Insulators

72.80.Tm   Composite materials

72.90.+y   Other topics in electronic transport in condensed matter (restricted to new topics in section 72.)

73.   Electronic structure and electrical properties of surfaces, interfaces, and thin films (for electronic structure and electrical properties of superconducting films, see 74.25 and 74.76)

73.20.-r   Surface and interface electron states

73.20.At   Surface states, band structure, electron density of states

73.20.Dx   Electron states in low-dimensional structures (superlattices, quantum well structures and multilayers)

73.20.Fz   Weak or Anderson localization

73.20.Hb   Impurity and defect levels; energy states of adsorbed species

73.20.Jc   Delocalization processes

73.20.Mf   Collective excitations (including plasmons and other charge-density excitations)

73.23.-b   Mesoscopic systems

73.23.Ad   Ballistic transport

73.23.Hk   Coulomb blockade; single-electron tunneling

73.23.Ra    Persistent currents

73.25.+i   Surface conductivity and carrier phenomena

73.30.+y   Surface double layers, Schottky barriers, and work functions

73.40.-c    Electronic transport in interface structures

73.40.Cg   Contact resistance, contact potential

73.40.Ei   Rectification

73.40.Gk   Tunneling

73.40.Hm   Quantum Hall effect (integer and fractional)

73.40.Jn   Metal-to-metal contacts

73.40.Kp   III-V semiconductor-to-semiconductor contacts, pn junctions, and heterojunctions

73.40.Lq   Other semiconductor-to-semiconductor contacts, pn junctions, and heterojunctions

73.40.Mr   Semiconductor-electrolyte contacts

73.40.Ns   Metal-nonmetal contacts

73.40.Qv   Metal-insulator-semiconductor structures (including semiconductor-to-insulator)

73.40.Rw   Metal-insulator-metal structures

73.40.Sx   Metal-semiconductor-metal structures

73.40.Ty   Semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor structures

73.40.Vz   Semiconductor-metal-semiconductor structures

73.50.-h   Electronic transport phenomena in thin films and low-dimensional structures

73.50.Bk   General theory, scattering mechanisms

73.50.Dn   Low-field transport and mobility; piezoresistance

73.50.Fq   High-field and nonlinear effects

73.50.Gr   Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, trapping, mean free paths

73.50.Jt   Galvanomagnetic and other magnetotransport effects (including thermomagnetic effects)

73.50.Lw   Thermoelectric effects

73.50.Mx   High-frequency effects; plasma effects

73.50.Pz   Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects

73.50.Rb   Acoustoelectric and magnetoacoustic effects

73.50.Td   Noise processes and phenomena

73.61.-r   Electrical properties of specific thin films and layer structures (multilayers, superlattices, quantum wells, wires, and dots)(for optical properties of thin films, see 78.20 and 78.66; for magnetic properties of thin films, see 75.70)

73.61.At   Metal and metallic alloys

73.61.Cw   Elemental semiconductors

73.61.Ey   III-V semiconductors

73.61.Ga   II-VI semiconductors

73.61.Jc   Amorphous semiconductors; glasses

73.61.Le   Other inorganic semiconductors

73.61.Ng   Insulators

73.61.Ph   Polymers; organic compounds

73.61.Tm   Nanocrystalline materials

73.61.Wp   Fullerenes and related materials

73.90.+f   Other topics in electronic structure and electrical properties of surfaces, interfaces, and thin films (Restricted to new topics in section 73)

74.   Superconductivity

74.10.+v   Occurrence, potential candidates

74.20.-z   Theories and models of superconducting state

74.20.De   Phenomenological theories (two-fluid, Ginzburg-Landau, etc.)

74.20.Fg   BCS theory and its development

74.20.Mn   Nonconventional mechanisms (spin fluctuations, polarons and bipolarons, resonating valence bond model, anyon mechanism, marginal Fermi liquid, Luttinger liquid, etc.)

74.25.-q   General properties; correlations between physical properties in normal and superconducting states

74.25.Bt   Thermodynamic properties

74.25.Dw   Superconductivity phase diagrams

74.25.Fy   Transport properties (electric and thermal conductivity, thermoelectric effects, etc.)

74.25.Gz   Optical properties

74.25.Ha   Magnetic properties

74.25.Jb   Electronic structure

74.25.Kc   Phonons

74.25.Ld   Mechanical and acoustical properties, elasticity, and ultrasonic attenuation

74.25.Nf   Response to electromagnetic fields (nuclear magnetic resonance, surface impedance, etc.)

74.40.+k   Fluctuations (noise, chaos, nonequilibrium superconductivity, localization, etc.)

74.50.+r   Proximity effects, weak links, tunneling phenomena, and Josephson effects

74.55.+h   Type-I superconductivity

74.60.-w   Type-II superconductivity

74.60.Ec   Mixed state, critical fields, and surface sheath

74.60.Ge   Flux pinning, flux creep, and flux-line lattice dynamics

74.60.Jg   Critical currents

74.62.-c   Transition temperature variations

74.62.Bf   Effects of material synthesis, crystal structure, and chemical composition

74.62.Dh   Effects of crystal defects, doping and substitution

74.62.Fj   Pressure effects

74.62.Yb   Other effects

74.70.-b   Superconducting materials (excluding high-Tc compounds)

74.70.Ad   Metals; alloys and binary compounds (including A15, Laves phases, etc.)

74.70.Dd    Ternary, quaternary and multinary compounds (including Chevrel phases, borocarbides etc.)

74.70.Kn   Organic superconductors

74.70.Tx   Heavy-fermion superconductors

74.70.Wz   Fullerenes and related materials

74.72.-h   High-Tc compounds

74.72.Bk   Y-based cuprates

74.72.Dn   La-based cuprates

74.72.Fq   Tl-based cuprates

74.72.Gr   Hg-base cuprates

74.72.Hs   Bi-based cuprates

74.72.Jt   Other cuprates

74.76.-w   Superconducting films

74.76.Bz   High-Tc films

74.76.Db   Conventional superconducting films

74.80.-g   Spatially inhomogeneous structures

74.80.Bj    Granular, melt-textured, and amorphous superconductors; powders

74.80.Dm   Superconducting layer structures: superlattices, heterojunctions, and multilayers

74.80.Fp   Point contacts; SN and SNS junctions

      * Superconducting devices, see 85.25

74.90.+n   Other topics in superconductivity (restricted to new topics in section 74)

75.   Magnetic properties and materials (for magnetic properties related to treatment conditions, see 81.40.R; for magnetic properties of rocks and minerals, see 91.60.P)

75.10.-b   General theory and models of magnetic ordering (see also 05.50 Lattice theory and statistics)

75.10.Dg   Crystal-field theory and spin Hamiltonians

75.10.Hk   Classical spin models

75.10.Jm   Quantized spin models

75.10.Lp   Band and itinerant models

75.10.Nr   Spin-glass and other random models

75.20.-g   Diamagnetism and paramagnetism

75.20.Ck   Nonmetals

75.20.En   Metals and alloys

75.20.Hr   Local moment in compounds and alloys; Kondo effect, valence fluctuations, heavy fermions (see also 72.15.Q Scattering mechanisms and Kondo effect in electronic conduction of metals and alloys)

75.25.+z   Spin arrangements in magnetically ordered materials (including neutron and spin-polarized electron studies, synchrotron-source x-ray scattering, etc.)

75.30.-m   Intrinsic properties of magnetically ordered materials (for critical point effects, see 75.40)

75.30.Cr   Saturation moments and magnetic susceptibilities

75.30.Ds   Spin waves (for spin-wave resonance, see 76.50)

75.30.Et   Exchange and superexchange interactions (see also 71.70 Level splitting and interactions)

75.30.Fv   Spin-density waves

75.30.Gw   Magnetic anisotropy

75.30.Hx   Magnetic impurity interactions

75.30.Kz   Magnetic phase boundaries (including magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.)

75.30.Mb   Valence fluctuation, Kondo lattice, and heavy-fermion phenomena (see also 71.27 Strongly correlated electron systems, heavy fermions)

75.30.Pd   Surface magnetism

75.30.Sg   Magnetocaloric effect, magnetic cooling

75.30.Vn   Colossal magnetoresistance

75.40.-s   Critical-point effects, specific heats, short-range order (see also 65.40 Heat capacities of solids)

75.40.Cx   Static properties (order parameter, static susceptibility, heat capacities, critical exponents, etc.)

75.40.Gb   Dynamic properties (dynamic susceptibility, spin waves, spin diffusion, dynamic scaling, etc.)

75.40.Mg    Numerical simulation studies

75.45.+j   Macroscopic quantum phenomena in magnetic systems

75.50.-y   Studies of specific magnetic materials

75.50.Bb   Fe and its alloys

75.50.Cc   Other ferromagnetic metals and alloys

75.50.Dd   Nonmetallic ferromagnetic materials

75.50.Ee   Antiferromagnetics

75.50.Gg   Ferrimagnetics

75.50.Kj   Amorphous and nanocrystalline magnetic materials; quasicrystals

75.50.Lk   Spin glasses and other random magnets

75.50.Mm   Magnetic liquids

75.50.Pp   Magnetic semiconductors

75.50.Ss   Magnetic recording materials (see also 85.70 Magnetic devices)

75.50.Tt   Fine-particle systems

75.50.Vv   High coercivity materials

75.50.Ww   Permanent magnets

75.50.Xx    Molecular magnets

75.60.-d   Domain effects, magnetization curves, and hysteresis

75.60.Ch   Domain walls and domain structure (for magnetic bubbles, see 75.70.K)

75.60.Ej   Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects

75.60.Lr   Magnetic aftereffects

75.60.Nt   Magnetic annealing and temperature-hysteresis effects

75.70.-i   Magnetic films and multilayers

75.70.Ak   Magnetic properties of monolayers and thin films

75.70.Cn   Interfacial magnetic properties (multilayers, magnetic quantum wells, superlattices, magnetic heterostructures)

75.70.Kw   Domain structure (including magnetic bubbles)

75.70.Pa   Giant magnetoresistance

75.80.+q   Magnetomechanical and magnetoelectric effects, magnetostriction

      * Galvanomagnetic effects, see 72.15.G and 72.20.M

      * Magnetooptical effects, see 78.20.L

75.90.+w   Other topics in magnetic properties and materials (restricted to new topics in section 75)

76.   Magnetic resonances and relaxations in condensed matter, Mössbauer effect

76.20.+q   General theory of resonances and relaxations

76.30.-v   Electron paramagnetic resonance and relaxation (see also 33.35 Electron resonance and relaxation in atomic and molecular physics)

76.30.Da   Ions and impurities: general

76.30.Fc   Iron group (3d) ions and impurities (Ti-Cu)

76.30.He   Platinum and palladium group (4d and 5d) ions and impurities (Zr-Ag and Hf-Au)

76.30.Kg   Rare-earth ions and impurities

76.30.Lh   Other ions and impurities

76.30.Mi   Color centers and other defects

76.30.Pk   Conduction electrons

76.30.Rn   Free radicals

76.40.+b   Diamagnetic and cyclotron resonances

76.50.+g   Ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and ferrimagnetic resonances; spin-wave resonance (see also 75.30.D Spin waves)

76.60.-k   Nuclear magnetic resonance and relaxation (see also 33.25 Nuclear resonance and relaxation in atomic and molecular physics)

76.60.Cq   Chemical and Knight shifts

76.60.Es   Relaxation effects

76.60.Gv   Quadrupole resonance

76.60.Jx   Effects of internal magnetic fields

76.60.Lz   Spin echoes

76.60.Pc   NMR imaging (for medical NMR imaging, see 87.61)

76.70.-r   Magnetic double resonances and cross effects (see also 33.40 multiple resonances in atomic and molecular physics)

76.70.Dx   Electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR), electron double resonance (ELDOR)

76.70.Fz   Double nuclear magnetic resonance (DNMR), dynamical nuclear polarization

76.70.Hb   Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR)

76.75.+i   Muon spin rotation and relaxation

76.80.+y   Mössbauer effect; other gamma-ray spectroscopy (see also 33.45 Mössbauer spectra--in atomic and molecular physics)

      * Magnetic resonance spectrometers, 07.57.P

76.90.+d   Other topics in magnetic resonances and relaxations (restricted to new topics in section 76)

77.   Dielectrics, piezoelectrics, and ferroelectrics and their properties (for conductivity phenomena, see 72.20 and 72.80; for dielectric properties related to treatment conditions, see 81.40.T)

77.22.-d   Dielectric properties of solids and liquids

77.22.Ch   Permittivity (dielectric function)

77.22.Ej   Polarization and depolarization

77.22.Gm    Dielectric loss and relaxation

77.22.Jp   Dielectric breakdown and space-charge effects

77.55.+f   Dielectric thin films

77.65.-j   Piezoelectricity and electromechanical effects

77.65.Bn   Piezoelectric and electrostrictive constants

77.65.Dq   Acoustoelectric effects and surface acoustic waves (SAW) in piezoelectrics (see also 43.35.P Surface waves in solids and liquids in acoustics appendix; for surface acoustic wave transducers, see 43.38.R in acoustics appendix)

77.65.Fs   Electromechanical resonance; quartz resonators

77.65.Ly   Strain-induced piezoelectric fields

77.70.+a   Pyroelectric and electrocaloric effects

77.80.-e   Ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity

77.80.Bh   Phase transitions and Curie point

77.80.Dj   Domain structure; hysteresis

77.80.Fm   Switching phenomena

77.84.-s   Dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and antiferroelectric materials (for nonlinear optical materials, see 42.70.M)

77.84.Bw   Elements, oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, chalcogenides, etc.

77.84.Dy    Niobates, titanates, tantalates, PZT ceramics, etc.

77.84.Fa   KDP- and TGS-type crystals

77.84.Jd   Polymers; organic compounds

77.84.Lf   Composite materials

77.84.Nh   Liquids, emulsions, and suspensions; liquid crystals

77.90.+k   Other topics in dielectrics, piezoelectrics, and ferroelectrics and their properties (restricted to new topics in section 77)

78.   Optical properties, condensed-matter spectroscopy and other interactions of radiation and particles with condensed matter

78.20.-e   Optical properties of bulk materials and thin films (for optical properties related to materials treatment, see 81.40.T; for optical materials, see 42.70; for optical properties of rocks and minerals, see 91.60.M)

78.20.Bh   Theory, models, and numerical simulation

78.20.Ci   Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)

78.20.Ek   Optical activity

78.20.Fm   Birefringence

78.20.Hp   Piezo-, elasto-, and acoustooptical effects; photoacoustic effects

78.20.Jq   Electrooptical effects

78.20.Ls   Magnetooptical effects

78.20.Nv   Thermooptical and photothermal effects

      * Nonlinear optical properties, see 42.65

78.30.-j   Infrared and Raman spectra (for vibrational states in crystals and disordered systems, see 63.20 and 63.50 respectively)

78.30.Am   Elemental semiconductors and insulators

78.30.Cp   Liquids

78.30.Er   Solid metals and alloys

78.30.Fs   III-V and II-VI semiconductors

78.30.Hv   Other nonmetallic inorganics

78.30.Jw   Organic compounds, polymers

78.30.Ly   Disordered solids

78.30.Na   Fullerenes and related materials

78.35.+c   Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering; other light scattering (for Raman scattering, see 78.30)

78.40.-q   Absorption and reflection spectra: visible and ultraviolet (for infrared spectra, see 78.30)

78.40.Dw   Liquids

78.40.Fy   Semiconductors

78.40.Ha   Other nonmetallic inorganics

78.40.Kc   Metals, semimetals, and alloys

78.40.Me   Organic compounds and polymers

78.40.Pg   Disordered solids

78.40.Ri   Fullerenes and related materials

78.45.+h   Stimulated emission (see also 42.55 Lasers)

78.47.+p   Time-resolved optical spectroscopies and other ultrafast optical measurements in condensed matter (see also 42.65.R in nonlinear optics)

      * Impurity and defect absorption in solids, see 78.30 and 78.40

78.55.-m   Photoluminescence

78.55.Ap   Elemental semiconductors

78.55.Bq   Liquids

78.55.Cr   III-V semiconductors

78.55.Et   II-VI semiconductors

78.55.Fv   Solid alkali halides

78.55.Hx   Other solid inorganic materials

78.55.Kz   Solid organic materials

78.55.Mb   Porous materials

78.60.-b   Other luminescence and radiative recombination

78.60.Fi   Electroluminescence

78.60.Hk   Cathodoluminescence, ionoluminescence

78.60.Kn   Thermoluminescence

78.60.Mq   Sonoluminescence, triboluminescence

78.60.Ps   Chemiluminescence (see also 82.40.T Chemiluminescence and chemical laser kinetics)

78.66.-w   Optical properties of specific thin films, surfaces, and low-dimensional structures

78.66.Bz   Metals and metallic alloys

78.66.Db   Elemental semiconductors and insulators

78.66.Fd   III-V semiconductors

78.66.Hf   II-VI semiconductors

78.66.Jg   Amorphous semiconductors; glasses; nanocrystalline materials

78.66.Li   Other semiconductors

78.66.Nk   Insulators

78.66.Qn   Polymers; organic compounds

78.66.Sq   Composite materials

78.66.Tr   Fullerenes and related materials

78.66.Vs   Small particles

78.70.-g   Interactions of particles and radiation with matter

78.70.Bj   Positron annihilation (for positron states, see 71.60)

78.70.Ck   X-ray scattering

78.70.Dm   X-ray absorption spectra

78.70.En   X-ray emission spectra and fluorescence

78.70.Gq   Microwave and radio-frequency interactions

78.70.Nx   Neutron inelastic scattering

78.90.+t   Other topics in optical properties, condensed matter spectroscopy and other interactions of particles and radiation with condensed matter (restricted to new topics in section 78)

79.   Electron and ion emission by liquids and solids; impact phenomena

79.20.-m   Impact phenomena (including electron spectra and sputtering)

79.20.Ap   Theory of impact phenomena; numerical simulation

79.20.Ds   Laser-beam impact phenomena

79.20.Fv   Electron impact: Auger emission

79.20.Hx   Electron impact: secondary emission

79.20.Kz   Other electron-impact emission phenomena

79.20.La   Photon- and electron-stimulated desorption

79.20.Mb   Positron emission

79.20.Rf   Atomic, molecular, and ion beam impact and interactions with surfaces

      * Electron and ion channeling, see 61.85

79.40.+z   Thermionic emission

79.60.-i   Photoemission and photoelectron spectra

79.60.Bm   Clean metal, semiconductor, and insulator surfaces

79.60.Dp   Adsorbed layers and thin films

79.60.Fr   Polymers; organic compounds

79.60.Ht   Disordered structures

79.60.Jv   Interfaces; heterostructures; nanostructures

79.70.+q   Field emission, ionization, evaporation, and desorption

79.75.+g   Exoelectron emission

79.90.+b   Other topics in electron and ion emission by liquids and solids and impact phenomena (restricted to new topics in section 79)